Audio-visual speech recognition (AVSR) has gained remarkable success for ameliorating the noise-robustness of speech recognition. Mainstream methods focus on fusing audio and visual inputs to obtain modality-invariant representations. However, such representations are prone to over-reliance on audio modality as it is much easier to recognize than video modality in clean conditions. As a result, the AVSR model underestimates the importance of visual stream in face of noise corruption. To this end, we leverage visual modality-specific representations to provide stable complementary information for the AVSR task. Specifically, we propose a reinforcement learning (RL) based framework called MSRL, where the agent dynamically harmonizes modality-invariant and modality-specific representations in the auto-regressive decoding process. We customize a reward function directly related to task-specific metrics (i.e., word error rate), which encourages the MSRL to effectively explore the optimal integration strategy. Experimental results on the LRS3 dataset show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art in both clean and various noisy conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the better generality of MSRL system than other baselines when test set contains unseen noises.

由于字体，大小，颜色和方向的各种文本变化，任意形状的场景文本检测是一项具有挑战性的任务。大多数现有基于回归的方法求助于回归文本区域的口罩或轮廓点以建模文本实例。但是，回归完整的口罩需要高训练的复杂性，并且轮廓点不足以捕获高度弯曲的文本的细节。为了解决上述限制，我们提出了一个名为TextDCT的新颖的轻巧锚文本检测框架，该框架采用离散的余弦变换（DCT）将文本掩码编码为紧凑型向量。此外，考虑到金字塔层中训练样本不平衡的数量，我们仅采用单层头来进行自上而下的预测。为了建模单层头部的多尺度文本，我们通过将缩水文本区域视为正样本，并通过融合来介绍一个新颖的积极抽样策略，并通过融合来设计特征意识模块（FAM），以实现空间意识和规模的意识丰富的上下文信息并关注更重要的功能。此外，我们提出了一种分割的非量最大抑制（S-NMS）方法，该方法可以过滤低质量的掩模回归。在四个具有挑战性的数据集上进行了广泛的实验，这表明我们的TextDCT在准确性和效率上都获得了竞争性能。具体而言，TextDCT分别以每秒17.2帧（FPS）和F-measure的F-MEASIE达到85.1，而CTW1500和Total-Text数据集的F-Measure 84.9分别为15.1 fps。

当原因因错误破坏时，我们提出了基于内核的非参数估计量。我们通过在仪器变量设置中概括估计来做到这一点。尽管在测量误差和测量误差方面进行了重大研究，但在连续环境中处理未观察的混杂件是不平凡的：我们几乎看不到先前的工作。作为我们调查的副产品，我们阐明了平均嵌入和特征功能之间的联系，以及如何同时学习一个人学习另一个人。这为内核方法研究开辟了道路，以利用特征功能估计的现有结果。最后，我们从经验上表明，我们提出的方法MEKIV在测量误差的强度和误差分布的类型上的变化下改善了基线，并且在变化下是可靠的。

风险的准确器官（OAR）分割对于减少治疗后并发症的放射治疗至关重要。达人指南推荐头部和颈部（H＆N）区域的一套超过40桨的桨，然而，由于这项任务的可预测的禁止劳动力成本，大多数机构通过划定较小的桨子和忽视的少数，选择了大量简化的协议与其他桨相关的剂量分布。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种使用深度学习的新颖，自动化和高效的分层OAR分段（SOARS）系统，精确地描绘了一套全面的42 H＆N OAR。 SOARS将42桨分层进入锚，中级和小型和硬质子类别，通过神经结构搜索（NAS）原则，专门为每个类别提供神经网络架构。我们在内在机构中使用176名培训患者建立了SOAR模型，并在六个不同的机构中独立评估了1327名外部患者。对于每个机构评估，它始终如一地表现出其他最先进的方法至少3-5％的骰子得分（在其他度量的相对误差减少36％）。更重要的是，广泛的多用户研究明显证明，98％的SOARE预测只需要非常轻微或没有直接临床验收的修订（节省90％的辐射脑神经工作负载），并且它们的分割和剂量准确度在于或小于帧 - 用户的变化。这些调查结果证实了H＆N癌症放射疗法工作流OAR描绘过程的强烈临床适用性，提高了效率，全面性和质量。

我们解决了在没有观察到的混杂的存在下的因果效应估计的问题，但是观察到潜在混杂因素的代理。在这种情况下，我们提出了两种基于内核的方法，用于非线性因果效应估计：（a）两阶段回归方法，以及（b）最大矩限制方法。我们专注于近端因果学习设置，但是我们的方法可以用来解决以弗雷霍尔姆积分方程为特征的更广泛的逆问题。特别是，我们提供了在非线性环境中解决此问题的两阶段和矩限制方法的统一视图。我们为每种算法提供一致性保证，并证明这些方法在合成数据和模拟现实世界任务的数据上获得竞争结果。特别是，我们的方法优于不适合利用代理变量的早期方法。

Future work sentences (FWS) are the particular sentences in academic papers that contain the author's description of their proposed follow-up research direction. This paper presents methods to automatically extract FWS from academic papers and classify them according to the different future directions embodied in the paper's content. FWS recognition methods will enable subsequent researchers to locate future work sentences more accurately and quickly and reduce the time and cost of acquiring the corpus. The current work on automatic identification of future work sentences is relatively small, and the existing research cannot accurately identify FWS from academic papers, and thus cannot conduct data mining on a large scale. Furthermore, there are many aspects to the content of future work, and the subdivision of the content is conducive to the analysis of specific development directions. In this paper, Nature Language Processing (NLP) is used as a case study, and FWS are extracted from academic papers and classified into different types. We manually build an annotated corpus with six different types of FWS. Then, automatic recognition and classification of FWS are implemented using machine learning models, and the performance of these models is compared based on the evaluation metrics. The results show that the Bernoulli Bayesian model has the best performance in the automatic recognition task, with the Macro F1 reaching 90.73%, and the SCIBERT model has the best performance in the automatic classification task, with the weighted average F1 reaching 72.63%. Finally, we extract keywords from FWS and gain a deep understanding of the key content described in FWS, and we also demonstrate that content determination in FWS will be reflected in the subsequent research work by measuring the similarity between future work sentences and the abstracts.

Users' involvement in creating and propagating news is a vital aspect of fake news detection in online social networks. Intuitively, credible users are more likely to share trustworthy news, while untrusted users have a higher probability of spreading untrustworthy news. In this paper, we construct a dual-layer graph (i.e., the news layer and the user layer) to extract multiple relations of news and users in social networks to derive rich information for detecting fake news. Based on the dual-layer graph, we propose a fake news detection model named Us-DeFake. It learns the propagation features of news in the news layer and the interaction features of users in the user layer. Through the inter-layer in the graph, Us-DeFake fuses the user signals that contain credibility information into the news features, to provide distinctive user-aware embeddings of news for fake news detection. The training process conducts on multiple dual-layer subgraphs obtained by a graph sampler to scale Us-DeFake in large scale social networks. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets illustrate the superiority of Us-DeFake which outperforms all baselines, and the users' credibility signals learned by interaction relation can notably improve the performance of our model.

Pre-trained language models have been successful in natural language generation (NLG) tasks. While various decoding methods have been employed, they often produce suboptimal results. We first present an empirical analysis of three NLG tasks: summarization, machine translation, and constrained text generation. We found that selecting the best output from the results of multiple decoding methods can significantly improve performance. To further improve reranking for NLG tasks, we proposed a novel method, \textsc{PairReranker}, which uses a single encoder and a pairwise loss function to jointly encode a source input and a pair of candidates and compare them. Experiments on three NLG tasks demonstrated the effectiveness and flexibility of \textsc{PairReranker}, showing strong results, compared with previous baselines. In addition, our \textsc{PairReranker} can generalize to significantly improve GPT-3 (text-davinci-003) results (e.g., 24.55\% on CommonGen and 11.35\% on WMT18 zh-en), even though our rerankers are not trained with any GPT-3 candidates.

The application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) to specialized domains, such as the law, has recently received a surge of interest. As many legal services rely on processing and analyzing large collections of documents, automating such tasks with NLP tools emerges as a key challenge. Many popular language models, such as BERT or RoBERTa, are general-purpose models, which have limitations on processing specialized legal terminology and syntax. In addition, legal documents may contain specialized vocabulary from other domains, such as medical terminology in personal injury text. Here, we propose LegalRelectra, a legal-domain language model that is trained on mixed-domain legal and medical corpora. We show that our model improves over general-domain and single-domain medical and legal language models when processing mixed-domain (personal injury) text. Our training architecture implements the Electra framework, but utilizes Reformer instead of BERT for its generator and discriminator. We show that this improves the model's performance on processing long passages and results in better long-range text comprehension.

Channel and spatial attention mechanism has proven to provide an evident performance boost of deep convolution neural networks (CNNs). Most existing methods focus on one or run them parallel (series), neglecting the collaboration between the two attentions. In order to better establish the feature interaction between the two types of attention, we propose a plug-and-play attention module, which we term "CAT"-activating the Collaboration between spatial and channel Attentions based on learned Traits. Specifically, we represent traits as trainable coefficients (i.e., colla-factors) to adaptively combine contributions of different attention modules to fit different image hierarchies and tasks better. Moreover, we propose the global entropy pooling (GEP) apart from global average pooling (GAP) and global maximum pooling (GMP) operators, an effective component in suppressing noise signals by measuring the information disorder of feature maps. We introduce a three-way pooling operation into attention modules and apply the adaptive mechanism to fuse their outcomes. Extensive experiments on MS COCO, Pascal-VOC, Cifar-100, and ImageNet show that our CAT outperforms existing state-of-the-art attention mechanisms in object detection, instance segmentation, and image classification. The model and code will be released soon.